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(soothing music)

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Downloaded from
YTS.MX

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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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It's addictive.

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Just the smell.

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Then you get to the taste and that's it, you're hooked.

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I think there's this kind of magical thing

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about drinking coffee with other people.

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People get together, they drink their coffee

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and they talk.

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And it's not through a cell phone or an iPad.

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It's face-to-face.

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Coffee is one of these great drinks

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to promote communication.

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It's one of those great excuses to invite somebody to talk.

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A lot of people drink it

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because of the pick me up benefits that it provides.

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There's no doubt about that.

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There's something innate about drinking coffee.

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It just has an earthy character to it.

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And it's the first thing they put in your mouth

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in the morning.

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There's a certain ritual that has made it such a popular

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beverage for those reasons.

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And people look for it everywhere.

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The real challenge is for us to make that experience

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better for people as farmers, as roasters, as retailers,

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we can do that.

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And at the same time hopefully,

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make it better for the planet.

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So we have a lot of work to do.

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And now is the perfect time

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to really work toward that together.

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Coffee is a bush.

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In fact, it's an understory crop from East Africa.

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That's where it occurs naturally.

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They took this shade loving shrub

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and stuck it in a tropical forest and it prospered.

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So coffee grows at high altitude

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in a belt around the equator in the tropics.

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The whole world knows

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the birth place of coffee is Ethiopia.

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(African upbeat music)

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Coffee is big in Ethiopia.

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If you drive around or walk around

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even in any downtown area,

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any city, you see Ethiopian coffee ceremony happening

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and people actually love coffee.

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(African upbeat music)

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Coffee you're not going to plant it in the city.

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Coffee is a really in the remote area,

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very dark from the city.

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You drive, and drive and drive.

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By the end of the day, when you get there,

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it might've be rain, muddy, slippery, so that's not is.

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You should like that job.

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If you don't like, if it is muddy,

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oh I don't like this muddy, I'm gonna go back home.

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No, you go fight against the muddy.

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So you need to have four wheel drive car.

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Sometimes the car get break down you see.

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And then when the get a breakdown

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and then people started pushing the car and then together,

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altogether you go on the top of the mountain

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where the coffee is.

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So it's not easy.

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(African upbeat music)

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My name is Akmel Nuri.

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I'm a coffee farmer in (indistinct).

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My farm is 200 hectares altogether.

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The altitude is from 1,600-2,135 in between.

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When our country become to the communist,

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the (indistinct) nationalized my father's coffee,

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and then I left the country.

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So after I graduate and he goes Latvia, I went to America.

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I was working a lot of works there and then saving money

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because I have a dream.

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I have a goal.

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It was inside of me to have my own coffee farm.

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(birds chirping)

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I started from scratch.

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It was not easy, but I make it.

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I did it.

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I'm very happy.

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Now I have 200 hectares of coffee.

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That was my dream.

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The dream comes true.

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And then this time when I see my farm,

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that gives me a really inside of satisfaction.

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It is my therapy, especially when I see the forest,

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because I am really a nature person.

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I like nature.

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There you go.

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We're in the middle of the jungle.

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I feel so inside fully know when I come here.

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Free therapy.

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My coffee is not only just regular coffee.

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It is a forest coffee.

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It is really deep forest.

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You can say, this is a coffee from reforest.

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Coffee loves to live with the trees.

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Coffee needs a shed,

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Nature makes coffee beautiful.

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(birds chirping)

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Shade grown coffee is coffee that has a tall trees over it

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that provide shade and the shade is like a forest.

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It can also provide pretty good habitat

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for wildlife in general.

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Now it can't replace natural forest.

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We should never say that.

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But for agricultural land use

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that is economically productive

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and give something to farmers for doing what they do

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and also has this dimension of environmental benefits,

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that's a pretty good, a pretty good system.

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There's not a lot of cultivated crops and plants

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that can make that claim.

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Coffee is a forest plant.

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So if you're a forest plant, you grow in shade.

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You may not be able to plant as densely in shade,

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but you plant far more closely to its natural habitat.

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And so that's what you're trying to replicate.

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You're trying to get a moderated shade, not no sun,

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but you're trying to get that dappled

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so that the sun comes through, but there is shade.

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There is cool.

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There is moisture.

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Moisture is very important.

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The shades part of the moisture.

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I'm Dorienne Rowan Campbell, and my farm is Rowan's Royale.

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The blue mountains are exquisite.

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It's a real privilege to have a farm there.

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They're beautiful.

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And the flavor of our blue mountain coffee is exceptional.

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It's eight acres.

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A great deal of the farm is just in forest

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because it's just too steep to cultivate anything on.

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It would not be ecologically sound to plant on it.

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So we have about three acres where we can plant coffee

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and I've probably got an acre and a half

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where the coffee's planted.

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It's not planted as closely as might be recommended,

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but it is an organic farm, it has to be sustainable.

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So there's a lot of other life that has to go on,

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on farm apart from the coffee.

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Yes, a lot of birds, a lot of birds.

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Yeah, yeah, lot of birds.

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It can be (indistinct) a lot of birds.

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(indistinct) and you name it.

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(indistinct).

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We have more than which, we have white belly.

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We have (indistinct).

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What it makes a nice song the bird watch (indistinct)

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on the road.

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(indistinct).

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My dad bought this farm when I was about 12.

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And so a lot of the big trees there have been friends

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for many, many years.

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He always did have a fair amount of trees,

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but not the amount of shade that I really want to have.

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My dad stopped cultivating in about '77

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and I didn't start on the farm until '92.

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So it meant that I had a fresh slate.

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I could start doing what I needed to do,

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and I could learn doing it

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without making too many disastrous mistakes.

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And so I began to teach myself about organic.

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And it was teacher self

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'cause at that time, if you tried to go online,

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it was very, very expensive.

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Then I began to realize that part of going organic

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was making certain that you had the right mix

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of shade trees, flowering trees, shrubs, grasses.

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And so I began my quest for shade coffee.

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(soothing music)

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You can grow coffee in two ways,

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you can grow at a sun coffee,

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or you can grow it a shade coffee.

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Sun coffee is highly productive.

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You actually get more beans per hectare

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than you do with shade coffee

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but there's a price to pay for that.

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On the one hand, you can have higher yields,

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a lot of coffee coming out of the land,

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but you then have some other issues

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that you have to deal with.

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Soil erosion, perhaps water contamination,

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workers being exposed to agrochemicals pesticides.

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So there's some trade-offs there.

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If all farms were to go conventional sun grown,

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well we'd have a lot of coffee in the world

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and we'd probably also have some very long-term consequences

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to deal with because of the way the land is treated.

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Well, because that's really not how coffee wants to grow.

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They beautifully planted out very close together

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and it's very hard to find a tree that's anywhere near it.

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Yes, and you'll get a lot of bearing,

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but it's not sustainable.

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You're going to have to keep putting more and more inputs,

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usually other chemical kind into it

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to get it to keep producing

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because there's nothing regenerative about it.

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I think shade coffee is far more regenerative.

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It allows the plant to rest more

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because the shade is doing part of the work.

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(birds chirping)

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I'm Jefferson Shriver.

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I'm the owner of Gaia Estate here in Nicaragua.

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This farm has about 115 years of coffee history.

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And so if you looked around the farm,

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it's mostly a rustic shade.

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This is the way coffee was originally grown.

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So basically they just took out the understory of a forest,

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clear the understory,

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kept the forest and started growing coffee here.

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One of the first things we're really proud

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about with this farm is the fact that it has trees

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that are anywhere from 50 years

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to some say 200, 250 years old.

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When you walk the farm,

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you just get a sense that there are all kinds

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of living organisms and animals and trees and crops

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that are feeding off one or the other.

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So there's a lot of misconceptions

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about what shade grown coffee is and what it isn't.

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Shade grown coffee isn't just coffee

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that's grown perhaps underneath a banana plant.

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It really needs to look a lot like a forest looks like.

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We have fruit trees, first is that first story.

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We have fast growing forest trees

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that are a part of that second story there.

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Those might also be taller fruit trees.

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And then we have these larger third story

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that last story of the shade system,

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those are usually our oldest

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and that combination of shade is just great

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for the whole system.

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Now you have to manage that shape

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'cause sun does have to come through the branches

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and photosynthesis has to interact with the plant.

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You can see the leaf structure there.

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Leaf structure is that then it allows a lot of sun

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to come in,

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and because they're so kind of thin in that sense,

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they easily mulch back into the soil.

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I've always been interested in this relationship

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between forests and how we can sustain forests as humans,

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but at the same time,

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how agriculture can mingle with that

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and humans can make a living from an agro forestry system.

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Coffee really is a great crop for the mixing

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of those two worlds because it's a shade tolerant crop.

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(birds chirping)

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You choose at least what we do is choose

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the most beautiful, big and red

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and healthy cherry.

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And that will eventually become a seed

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that we will plant in a nursery.

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This turns into a tree.

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There are certain different methods of how to do it,

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but you dry it, you wash it.

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Then you put it in a bag and it starts growing,

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growing, growing for about 10 months, 11 months.

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And then you transport each bag one tree to the farm,

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and then manually you put it.

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You open a hole in the ground, you put some fertilizer,

267
00:18:51,180 --> 00:18:54,583
a little conditioner to the ground, and then you plant it.

268
00:18:55,990 --> 00:18:58,690
Then it's a year long process.

269
00:18:58,690 --> 00:19:00,410
It's a non-stop process.

270
00:19:00,410 --> 00:19:04,170
You have to clear the small plant from weeds.

271
00:19:04,170 --> 00:19:05,480
You have to fertilize it.

272
00:19:05,480 --> 00:19:07,330
You have to take care of the shade.

273
00:19:07,330 --> 00:19:11,400
You have to also take care of it when the plant gets sick,

274
00:19:11,400 --> 00:19:13,740
you need to give him medicine, vitamins,

275
00:19:13,740 --> 00:19:15,653
so he grows healthy and strong.

276
00:19:20,419 --> 00:19:23,613
No active spots.

277
00:19:23,613 --> 00:19:24,696
No, its okay.

278
00:19:32,140 --> 00:19:36,203
My name is Jan Carlo Handtke and I'm a coffee farmer.

279
00:19:37,610 --> 00:19:40,120
I manage five different (indistinct)

280
00:19:40,120 --> 00:19:43,303
and I've dedicated my life to farming coffee.

281
00:19:44,820 --> 00:19:47,340
I've been doing it for about 10 years.

282
00:19:47,340 --> 00:19:49,563
I spent 100% of my time doing it.

283
00:19:50,690 --> 00:19:52,890
That's what I do for a living and I love it.

284
00:19:54,450 --> 00:19:57,570
My family has been growing coffee for more than 100 years.

285
00:19:57,570 --> 00:20:01,320
So I was always around coffee since I was a little kid.

286
00:20:01,320 --> 00:20:04,020
So I like to think that I chose coffee,

287
00:20:04,020 --> 00:20:06,013
but I'm not sure if coffee chose me.

288
00:20:08,260 --> 00:20:09,880
After I finished college,

289
00:20:09,880 --> 00:20:12,570
I took the decision to do this for a living

290
00:20:12,570 --> 00:20:15,280
and get really involved in the producing and processing

291
00:20:15,280 --> 00:20:17,023
and selling coffee.

292
00:20:18,920 --> 00:20:19,753
Nice.

293
00:20:21,280 --> 00:20:23,062
I'm here every day and every day I'm amazed

294
00:20:23,062 --> 00:20:27,000
of how it's growing healthy and green.

295
00:20:27,000 --> 00:20:30,470
And it's looking very good.

296
00:20:30,470 --> 00:20:32,480
You can tell that he will,

297
00:20:32,480 --> 00:20:36,180
he will have a lot of coffee actually next year.

298
00:20:36,180 --> 00:20:39,993
All these you see will be the future flowers.

299
00:20:40,910 --> 00:20:45,737
And after the flowering, they will become coffee cherries.

300
00:20:47,790 --> 00:20:51,260
It's what we have been doing for decades.

301
00:20:51,260 --> 00:20:55,900
And I really wish my kids will love coffee as much as I do.

302
00:20:55,900 --> 00:20:58,440
So it's a lifestyle for me.

303
00:20:58,440 --> 00:21:00,740
It's my way of living.

304
00:21:00,740 --> 00:21:02,230
What I do for fun.

305
00:21:02,230 --> 00:21:04,393
It's basically everything.

306
00:21:05,750 --> 00:21:09,253
I could not imagine being at another place.

307
00:21:13,820 --> 00:21:17,160
I love being around green, I love being in the mountains,

308
00:21:17,160 --> 00:21:19,180
hearing birds, hearing animals,

309
00:21:19,180 --> 00:21:21,140
hearing the wind in the trees,

310
00:21:21,140 --> 00:21:23,990
instead of hearing like cars or machines

311
00:21:23,990 --> 00:21:25,940
or people around me.

312
00:21:25,940 --> 00:21:30,070
I think it's a very healthy way of living,

313
00:21:30,070 --> 00:21:34,880
being productive and enjoying yourself and enjoying nature

314
00:21:34,880 --> 00:21:38,113
and make a living out of it's a blessing.

315
00:21:47,530 --> 00:21:51,460
So coffee is a shrub that takes three years

316
00:21:51,460 --> 00:21:53,070
to get its first crop.

317
00:21:53,070 --> 00:21:55,360
So you have to plant a seedling

318
00:21:55,360 --> 00:21:57,920
that can come from your own seed, no problem.

319
00:21:57,920 --> 00:22:02,920
And it grows up to usually about two meters.

320
00:22:03,800 --> 00:22:04,930
Then you wanna be pruning it

321
00:22:04,930 --> 00:22:07,150
so you don't want it to get too high.

322
00:22:07,150 --> 00:22:10,380
And after three years you get your first harvest.

323
00:22:10,380 --> 00:22:13,520
And if you are fertilizing it well, you're pruning it well

324
00:22:13,520 --> 00:22:15,450
you're getting good weeding around it.

325
00:22:15,450 --> 00:22:17,640
The coffee can be quite productive.

326
00:22:17,640 --> 00:22:20,580
You have to have a reasonable amount of rainfall

327
00:22:20,580 --> 00:22:22,220
and some good humidity in the soil.

328
00:22:22,220 --> 00:22:24,890
It's always helpful to have cool nighttime temperatures

329
00:22:24,890 --> 00:22:25,723
as well.

330
00:22:25,723 --> 00:22:28,640
So most coffee is grown above, say 600 meters,

331
00:22:28,640 --> 00:22:29,700
five to 600 meters.

332
00:22:29,700 --> 00:22:34,610
And ideally I'd say 1,000 to 1,500 meters.

333
00:22:34,610 --> 00:22:37,423
And that is how coffee is grown for the most part, yeah.

334
00:22:41,720 --> 00:22:45,330
That same coffee shrub can last anywhere

335
00:22:45,330 --> 00:22:50,330
from 15 up to 30 years, if you're doing regular pruning.

336
00:22:54,200 --> 00:22:55,967
What takes place during the growing season

337
00:22:55,967 --> 00:23:00,967
is a lot of cleaning, filling, looking after the trees,

338
00:23:02,990 --> 00:23:05,473
definitely it's a year round effort.

339
00:23:07,620 --> 00:23:09,470
The cherry is gonna emerged from the tree,

340
00:23:09,470 --> 00:23:11,600
they come out in the color green

341
00:23:11,600 --> 00:23:13,450
and then they start to turn ripe

342
00:23:13,450 --> 00:23:16,193
in September, October, November.

343
00:23:18,580 --> 00:23:21,500
We measure the sugar content, the bricks of sugar.

344
00:23:21,500 --> 00:23:23,850
And it's kind of like a wine grower does.

345
00:23:23,850 --> 00:23:27,460
We pick the cherries when they're deep red,

346
00:23:27,460 --> 00:23:29,320
it's a quality issue, okay.

347
00:23:29,320 --> 00:23:31,650
So you can correlate how good the coffee's gonna be

348
00:23:31,650 --> 00:23:33,343
by how good your pick is.

349
00:23:39,330 --> 00:23:42,240
I'm one of the two owners of Finca Dos Jefes

350
00:23:42,240 --> 00:23:46,570
in Boquete, Chiriqui Republic of Panama.

351
00:23:46,570 --> 00:23:49,630
We're a small farm, 2.7 hectares.

352
00:23:49,630 --> 00:23:54,410
I came to Panama in 2002 to visit Panamanian friends.

353
00:23:54,410 --> 00:23:56,833
I'm from San Francisco in the United States.

354
00:23:59,470 --> 00:24:01,650
We fell in love with the graciousness

355
00:24:01,650 --> 00:24:03,847
of the Panamanian people.

356
00:24:03,847 --> 00:24:07,350
And we came back a few months after our first visit

357
00:24:07,350 --> 00:24:09,490
and we're looking for a piece of land

358
00:24:09,490 --> 00:24:12,360
to build a small home on,

359
00:24:12,360 --> 00:24:13,910
At the end of two days of looking

360
00:24:13,910 --> 00:24:15,760
and they asked us if we'd like to see

361
00:24:15,760 --> 00:24:19,470
an abandoned coffee farm, I said, sure, why not?

362
00:24:19,470 --> 00:24:21,360
And they drove us up the hill.

363
00:24:21,360 --> 00:24:23,560
We saw the property on a Thursday night,

364
00:24:23,560 --> 00:24:25,440
purchased it the next morning

365
00:24:25,440 --> 00:24:29,120
and then had to figure out how to become coffee farmers.

366
00:24:29,120 --> 00:24:31,910
What I will tell you is that when the coffee bug bit me,

367
00:24:31,910 --> 00:24:33,623
it took over my entire life.

368
00:24:44,510 --> 00:24:48,083
Harvest generally take about four months on the farm.

369
00:24:49,230 --> 00:24:51,290
Everything doesn't turn red at the same time.

370
00:24:51,290 --> 00:24:53,210
And that's why it's so labor intensive,

371
00:24:53,210 --> 00:24:55,170
you'll work in the area of the farm,

372
00:24:55,170 --> 00:24:57,680
take everything deep, red in color off of it

373
00:24:57,680 --> 00:25:01,010
and move picking someplace else and then we turn.

374
00:25:01,010 --> 00:25:03,960
Each tree picked between eight and 10 times

375
00:25:03,960 --> 00:25:05,890
during the four month period.

376
00:25:05,890 --> 00:25:07,380
And everything's picked individually

377
00:25:07,380 --> 00:25:09,310
in the pinching-twisting motion

378
00:25:09,310 --> 00:25:10,830
so that you can leave the stem on

379
00:25:10,830 --> 00:25:12,600
for the following years growth.

380
00:25:12,600 --> 00:25:15,040
About 20 weeks after the picking

381
00:25:15,040 --> 00:25:16,920
a small white flower comes out.

382
00:25:16,920 --> 00:25:20,050
It's a very magical time to be on a coffee farm.

383
00:25:20,050 --> 00:25:22,490
You'd go to bed at night and everything is green.

384
00:25:22,490 --> 00:25:24,060
The first flowering of the year

385
00:25:24,060 --> 00:25:26,410
and you wake up, it looks like it's snowed.

386
00:25:26,410 --> 00:25:29,880
Maybe 20,000 little white flowers on the farm.

387
00:25:29,880 --> 00:25:33,580
The aromas are intoxicating, lavender, licorice,

388
00:25:33,580 --> 00:25:36,680
jasmine, rolled into one and it permeates the area.

389
00:25:36,680 --> 00:25:38,513
It's really, really spectacular.

390
00:25:43,640 --> 00:25:45,760
The flowers don't stay on very long though,

391
00:25:45,760 --> 00:25:48,570
they fall off in three or four days.

392
00:25:48,570 --> 00:25:52,410
They leave a small bud and then the bud takes nine months

393
00:25:52,410 --> 00:25:55,480
to turn into a full-size green cherry.

394
00:25:55,480 --> 00:25:57,463
And then we start that cycle again.

395
00:26:07,241 --> 00:26:09,297
What we do here is we hand pick them,

396
00:26:09,297 --> 00:26:13,530
put them in a basket is to, which is tied to your waist.

397
00:26:13,530 --> 00:26:16,240
So the pickers have their two hands free

398
00:26:16,240 --> 00:26:18,610
and they're able to hold themselves in the rain,

399
00:26:18,610 --> 00:26:20,520
which is one even, or it's wet.

400
00:26:20,520 --> 00:26:21,383
So it's slippery.

401
00:26:26,390 --> 00:26:28,500
One of the things that we make sure that we do

402
00:26:28,500 --> 00:26:30,950
is to pick those cherries

403
00:26:30,950 --> 00:26:32,750
when they're at their ripest moment.

404
00:26:34,820 --> 00:26:36,300
They can just be pulled off

405
00:26:36,300 --> 00:26:39,230
the branch of the plant effortlessly.

406
00:26:39,230 --> 00:26:41,720
And pickers know exactly how to do that.

407
00:26:41,720 --> 00:26:43,760
And one of the ways that we incentivize that

408
00:26:43,760 --> 00:26:47,010
is to pay workers, a better price for the coffee

409
00:26:47,010 --> 00:26:49,210
that they're picking of the highest quality.

410
00:26:52,680 --> 00:26:53,820
So we will do that

411
00:26:53,820 --> 00:26:56,860
and pickers are really proud to be working with us

412
00:26:56,860 --> 00:26:59,710
because they get a better wage for what they're picking

413
00:26:59,710 --> 00:27:01,570
and they know they're picking the highest quality coffee.

414
00:27:01,570 --> 00:27:03,150
So they really take pride in that.

415
00:27:03,150 --> 00:27:06,510
Most of the pickers are women at this point in time.

416
00:27:06,510 --> 00:27:08,170
And we know them very well.

417
00:27:08,170 --> 00:27:09,400
We know their families.

418
00:27:09,400 --> 00:27:12,990
We have a relationship with them and we really take care of

419
00:27:12,990 --> 00:27:14,253
that picking process.

420
00:27:23,206 --> 00:27:26,873
That's just to know how many beans on each

421
00:27:27,760 --> 00:27:30,223
of these up here.

422
00:27:31,916 --> 00:27:34,383
It will be about a hundred beans in here.

423
00:27:42,080 --> 00:27:44,210
Once the coffee is ripe,

424
00:27:44,210 --> 00:27:46,130
you pick only the red cherries

425
00:27:46,130 --> 00:27:50,993
and those red cherries are hold to a processing station.

426
00:27:52,300 --> 00:27:56,030
You have a lot of options of how to process the coffee.

427
00:27:56,030 --> 00:28:00,470
You can do a fully washed coffee, semi washed coffee,

428
00:28:00,470 --> 00:28:02,740
natural honeys.

429
00:28:02,740 --> 00:28:04,800
You can drain them in the patios.

430
00:28:04,800 --> 00:28:06,700
You can drain them in raised beds.

431
00:28:06,700 --> 00:28:08,620
You can drain them in a machine.

432
00:28:08,620 --> 00:28:12,513
So it's what your consumer, your buyer wants.

433
00:28:21,150 --> 00:28:24,590
At the end of the day, you take your bag to the wet mill.

434
00:28:24,590 --> 00:28:28,540
And what we do is a separation process with water,

435
00:28:28,540 --> 00:28:32,740
the heavier beans go to the bottom of the container

436
00:28:32,740 --> 00:28:36,603
and the floaters are classified because they're lighter.

437
00:28:37,570 --> 00:28:42,557
We deport the coffee, ferment the coffee, wash the coffee,

438
00:28:42,557 --> 00:28:44,790
and then after we wash it,

439
00:28:44,790 --> 00:28:48,380
we send it to the patio to dry the coffee.

440
00:28:48,380 --> 00:28:49,690
And after three or four days,

441
00:28:49,690 --> 00:28:53,340
the coffee is then ready to sit in parchment

442
00:28:53,340 --> 00:28:54,313
in the warehouse.

443
00:29:00,180 --> 00:29:01,560
You need to have a lot of patients

444
00:29:01,560 --> 00:29:03,330
and you have to have a high amount of knowledge

445
00:29:03,330 --> 00:29:07,550
because the process can go wrong at any given time.

446
00:29:07,550 --> 00:29:10,800
And so if you are harvesting the beans,

447
00:29:10,800 --> 00:29:13,650
when they're not quite red enough,

448
00:29:13,650 --> 00:29:15,940
if you're fermenting the beans

449
00:29:15,940 --> 00:29:19,800
and you don't ferment long enough, or you ferment too long,

450
00:29:19,800 --> 00:29:22,530
if you are taking off or removing the mucilage

451
00:29:22,530 --> 00:29:25,250
and you don't really get all that, mucilage off.

452
00:29:25,250 --> 00:29:28,230
If you're drying and you don't get the right humidity,

453
00:29:28,230 --> 00:29:31,330
the quality of the cup can be completely changed.

454
00:29:31,330 --> 00:29:32,780
When people drink their cup of coffee,

455
00:29:32,780 --> 00:29:36,250
they don't realize all of it's going on beforehand.

456
00:29:36,250 --> 00:29:39,983
And it's an incredible process.

457
00:29:42,483 --> 00:29:45,066
(upbeat music)

458
00:30:00,180 --> 00:30:02,860
The alternative to the wash method

459
00:30:02,860 --> 00:30:04,960
is the natural method, okay?

460
00:30:04,960 --> 00:30:08,110
It's, what's done in a lot of the African countries.

461
00:30:08,110 --> 00:30:09,270
It's what's being done out here.

462
00:30:09,270 --> 00:30:11,790
It's taking the cherries, keeping them intact

463
00:30:11,790 --> 00:30:14,293
and putting them onto a raised drying bed.

464
00:30:16,410 --> 00:30:17,243
On this farm,

465
00:30:17,243 --> 00:30:20,690
the very first thing that we do when we pick the cherries,

466
00:30:20,690 --> 00:30:24,775
is we float them in a wheel barrow full of water, okay.

467
00:30:24,775 --> 00:30:29,775
98, 99% will drop directly to the bottom in a normal year.

468
00:30:30,873 --> 00:30:33,370
So we have one to 2% floating.

469
00:30:33,370 --> 00:30:36,330
Those that float we know will never be good coffee.

470
00:30:36,330 --> 00:30:38,020
They don't have the right nutrient material.

471
00:30:38,020 --> 00:30:40,380
We skim them and compost them.

472
00:30:40,380 --> 00:30:43,250
The other 98% go onto the drying beds.

473
00:30:43,250 --> 00:30:47,960
And they sit in the sun on this farm for 20 to 25 days

474
00:30:47,960 --> 00:30:49,660
of good sunshine.

475
00:30:49,660 --> 00:30:52,683
Good sunshine is the operative word in that statement, okay?

476
00:30:54,130 --> 00:30:56,670
Every evening or whenever it threatens to rain,

477
00:30:56,670 --> 00:30:57,630
they need to be covered.

478
00:30:57,630 --> 00:30:59,000
It's labor-intensive.

479
00:30:59,000 --> 00:31:01,830
Two guys maybe three hours every evening,

480
00:31:01,830 --> 00:31:04,703
during our four month drying period.

481
00:31:06,220 --> 00:31:07,053
At that point,

482
00:31:07,053 --> 00:31:11,650
we allow the coffee to rest for a minimum of 90 days.

483
00:31:11,650 --> 00:31:13,300
During that resting period,

484
00:31:13,300 --> 00:31:15,770
the properties of the coffee settle down

485
00:31:15,770 --> 00:31:18,793
and the coffee gets becomes better, okay.

486
00:31:31,090 --> 00:31:33,370
First the station take off the screen,

487
00:31:33,370 --> 00:31:36,630
and then the dirt, the dark one, there's small size.

488
00:31:36,630 --> 00:31:39,490
And then the broken one, we will take it away.

489
00:31:39,490 --> 00:31:42,900
And then also the color soft, color soft is taking off

490
00:31:42,900 --> 00:31:47,770
the green one and much coffee and then some unusual color.

491
00:31:48,920 --> 00:31:50,523
So it will take it off.

492
00:31:51,940 --> 00:31:56,000
Finally, if something passed from machine,

493
00:31:56,000 --> 00:31:58,320
the last destination is the human being.

494
00:31:58,320 --> 00:32:00,070
The ladies are picking something,

495
00:32:00,070 --> 00:32:03,073
which machine did not get it.

496
00:32:24,740 --> 00:32:27,183
Coffee is very is sweet when you drink it.

497
00:32:28,396 --> 00:32:31,510
And it's not easy to prepare from A to Z,

498
00:32:31,510 --> 00:32:35,593
when you come from down to here, long process.

499
00:32:37,260 --> 00:32:40,723
Okay, now we are talking about coffee, farm,

500
00:32:41,915 --> 00:32:44,960
(indistinct) agriculture, technique, everything you see.

501
00:32:44,960 --> 00:32:45,847
This is all about coffee.

502
00:32:45,847 --> 00:32:50,473
You see here, is all coffee ready to export.

503
00:33:07,560 --> 00:33:08,860
Something that's always important

504
00:33:08,860 --> 00:33:11,220
when you're looking to buy a new coffee is the sweetness

505
00:33:11,220 --> 00:33:12,300
and the clean cup.

506
00:33:12,300 --> 00:33:15,540
That is what shows us if the coffee farmer

507
00:33:15,540 --> 00:33:19,150
or collaborative have been doing a good job in what they do.

508
00:33:19,150 --> 00:33:21,550
You can't really have a sweet and clean cup

509
00:33:21,550 --> 00:33:23,140
unless you have ripe cherries

510
00:33:23,140 --> 00:33:26,650
and everything throughout the whole way from them to us

511
00:33:26,650 --> 00:33:28,163
has been good.

512
00:33:32,100 --> 00:33:35,020
My name is Casper Engel Rasmussen.

513
00:33:35,020 --> 00:33:39,040
I am a roaster in charge of the quality of roast

514
00:33:39,040 --> 00:33:40,587
that coffee collected.

515
00:33:42,780 --> 00:33:45,200
Where I'm in charge of buying is in Ethiopia

516
00:33:45,200 --> 00:33:47,660
and here we work with two different companies.

517
00:33:47,660 --> 00:33:48,620
One is Akmel Nuri,

518
00:33:48,620 --> 00:33:50,970
and then we worked with a company called Metad.

519
00:34:01,530 --> 00:34:04,200
The way we taste the coffees is that we set up a cupping.

520
00:34:04,200 --> 00:34:07,220
It's kind of like a standard way of tasting coffee

521
00:34:07,220 --> 00:34:08,370
in the coffee industry.

522
00:34:10,690 --> 00:34:14,230
With Metad, we can go they have like a professional setup

523
00:34:14,230 --> 00:34:18,310
and it's just a amazing place to go and taste coffees.

524
00:34:18,310 --> 00:34:20,880
I mean, there are so good at roasting it.

525
00:34:20,880 --> 00:34:22,850
Everything is set up exactly how you want it.

526
00:34:22,850 --> 00:34:26,173
So it's a very precise way to taste the coffees.

527
00:34:29,860 --> 00:34:32,750
So when they cup, they use our laboratory,

528
00:34:32,750 --> 00:34:34,530
they evaluate the raw coffee.

529
00:34:34,530 --> 00:34:37,233
What that looks like, smells like and all that.

530
00:34:37,233 --> 00:34:41,350
And, but actually cup, we always code them

531
00:34:41,350 --> 00:34:43,300
so they don't know which is which.

532
00:34:43,300 --> 00:34:47,990
So we get an honest response feedback of their cupping.

533
00:34:47,990 --> 00:34:49,483
So that's how they select.

534
00:34:51,680 --> 00:34:54,150
The more we cup with them, the more we know

535
00:34:54,150 --> 00:34:56,833
what kind of coffee profile they're looking for.

536
00:35:00,220 --> 00:35:01,980
A cupping is set up quite simple.

537
00:35:01,980 --> 00:35:05,070
It's like, you'll have a certain amount of coffee,

538
00:35:05,070 --> 00:35:07,037
boiling water, just on the boiling.

539
00:35:07,037 --> 00:35:09,660
Let it sit for four minutes, then you stir.

540
00:35:09,660 --> 00:35:10,830
Make sure it's like stirred everything,

541
00:35:10,830 --> 00:35:12,410
so everything that's extracted, it's blended.

542
00:35:12,410 --> 00:35:14,770
And then you just let it sit,

543
00:35:14,770 --> 00:35:17,210
skim the creamer that's on top.

544
00:35:17,210 --> 00:35:19,750
And then you just slip it with a spoon.

545
00:35:19,750 --> 00:35:21,220
And it's a horrible sound.

546
00:35:21,220 --> 00:35:24,053
(slurping loudly)

547
00:35:31,187 --> 00:35:34,790
So you have both flavor and aroma at once.

548
00:35:34,790 --> 00:35:36,440
Flavor is what you have on the tongue.

549
00:35:36,440 --> 00:35:38,440
So that is the sweetness and acidity.

550
00:35:38,440 --> 00:35:40,470
Whereas the aromas is the stuff

551
00:35:40,470 --> 00:35:41,690
that you get through the nose

552
00:35:41,690 --> 00:35:43,840
and that's where it can catch some florals.

553
00:35:45,490 --> 00:35:48,300
And so it has almost green strawberry for me,

554
00:35:48,300 --> 00:35:50,390
like not fully developed

555
00:35:50,390 --> 00:35:53,850
and but also like black currant and just,

556
00:35:53,850 --> 00:35:55,173
yeah, super intense.

557
00:35:56,269 --> 00:35:59,102
(Casper slurping)

558
00:36:04,090 --> 00:36:06,410
It's very delicate, and citrus, bergamot

559
00:36:07,280 --> 00:36:12,280
and very clean and lacks maybe a bit of sweetness.

560
00:36:18,760 --> 00:36:21,290
Yeah, I have peach again.

561
00:36:21,290 --> 00:36:23,663
And some honey and melon.

562
00:36:27,860 --> 00:36:29,210
I scored here (indistinct).

563
00:36:30,830 --> 00:36:33,060
It's just very, very complex coffee.

564
00:36:33,060 --> 00:36:36,297
There a lot of layers keep tasting it

565
00:36:36,297 --> 00:36:38,397
and tasting something different each time.

566
00:36:42,020 --> 00:36:43,940
Yeah, we were going back and forth.

567
00:36:43,940 --> 00:36:45,050
This one has more acidity,

568
00:36:45,050 --> 00:36:47,950
but this one is just so sweet and just clean

569
00:36:47,950 --> 00:36:48,897
and just (indistinct).

570
00:36:53,180 --> 00:36:54,770
This is Natural Hambela Buku.

571
00:36:55,990 --> 00:36:56,823
Okay.

572
00:37:01,320 --> 00:37:05,767
Last, Washed Hambela, Benti Nenqa.

573
00:37:09,310 --> 00:37:10,355
This one, the first one?

574
00:37:10,355 --> 00:37:13,022
(indistinct).

575
00:37:14,184 --> 00:37:16,340
2014 was the first year

576
00:37:16,340 --> 00:37:18,053
we bought Akmel's coffee.

577
00:37:19,080 --> 00:37:22,110
Yeah Akmel's was just such a, a likable fellow.

578
00:37:22,110 --> 00:37:24,840
It's just like the way he talks about his farm

579
00:37:24,840 --> 00:37:28,270
and also the nature and how wild it is there

580
00:37:28,270 --> 00:37:31,713
for him is about growing it as natural as possible.

581
00:37:32,730 --> 00:37:34,340
It's like any,

582
00:37:34,340 --> 00:37:36,853
I mean I've never seen any farm like that before.

583
00:37:47,120 --> 00:37:50,360
I've been down south and met some guys

584
00:37:50,360 --> 00:37:52,240
that they're so professional in it,

585
00:37:52,240 --> 00:37:53,730
everything is so well organized.

586
00:37:53,730 --> 00:37:57,050
And I was like, wow, this is, this is cool.

587
00:37:57,050 --> 00:37:59,250
Akmel could maybe learn something from this.

588
00:38:03,170 --> 00:38:05,430
We agreed to do a little road trip.

589
00:38:05,430 --> 00:38:07,600
We drove down to (indistinct) and (indistinct)

590
00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:10,650
and visited some corporate (indistinct) and farms there

591
00:38:10,650 --> 00:38:12,420
for him to see how they do it.

592
00:38:12,420 --> 00:38:14,770
It's not to tell him this is how you should do it,

593
00:38:14,770 --> 00:38:17,110
but just talk to them, get some inspiration,

594
00:38:17,110 --> 00:38:19,113
meet others that work in the same field.

595
00:38:24,347 --> 00:38:26,860
We got to talk to one of the agronomist there

596
00:38:26,860 --> 00:38:28,500
and they got along really well.

597
00:38:28,500 --> 00:38:31,570
So it was very much them going together out into forest,

598
00:38:31,570 --> 00:38:33,320
talking about different techniques.

599
00:38:39,140 --> 00:38:41,330
It's amazing to see how we can work together

600
00:38:41,330 --> 00:38:42,643
on doing something better.

601
00:38:45,950 --> 00:38:47,610
This will grow, grow fast

602
00:38:47,610 --> 00:38:51,680
and they use it for five or six years.

603
00:38:51,680 --> 00:38:54,185
And then the other one will (indistinct).

604
00:38:54,185 --> 00:38:55,018
Yeah, yeah, okay.

605
00:38:55,018 --> 00:38:57,120
Then the other one will grow taller

606
00:38:57,120 --> 00:38:59,153
and then it will give the shade.

607
00:39:01,050 --> 00:39:04,430
The coffee bean is just a seed inside a cherry.

608
00:39:04,430 --> 00:39:05,890
So when you take it out it's green

609
00:39:05,890 --> 00:39:08,130
and it's almost hard as a stone.

610
00:39:08,130 --> 00:39:09,210
Sometime in history,

611
00:39:09,210 --> 00:39:11,540
people figured out that if you roast this,

612
00:39:11,540 --> 00:39:14,000
you can actually create some aromas.

613
00:39:14,000 --> 00:39:16,050
We just turned something that tastes like grass

614
00:39:16,050 --> 00:39:18,000
into something that tastes like coffee.

615
00:39:21,110 --> 00:39:24,240
When we receive the samples of the coffees,

616
00:39:24,240 --> 00:39:27,483
we have to make a decision what we wanna do with it.

617
00:39:28,470 --> 00:39:30,830
We have this test roaster. So we test everything.

618
00:39:30,830 --> 00:39:33,177
So we kind of already know when we received the coffees,

619
00:39:33,177 --> 00:39:35,050
what do we wanna achieve with this coffee?

620
00:39:35,050 --> 00:39:36,600
Is it to be used for espresso?

621
00:39:36,600 --> 00:39:38,053
Is it to be used for filter?

622
00:39:39,510 --> 00:39:43,370
And then it's just, you know, all based on experience.

623
00:39:43,370 --> 00:39:45,390
So what do you want to create a coffee?

624
00:39:45,390 --> 00:39:47,920
Do you want us to be like super wild and aromatic?

625
00:39:47,920 --> 00:39:49,060
Does it have that by nature?

626
00:39:49,060 --> 00:39:50,530
Then that's what we wanna highlight.

627
00:39:50,530 --> 00:39:53,170
If it's just a very balanced, smooth, sweet coffee,

628
00:39:53,170 --> 00:39:54,003
then we wanna highlight that.

629
00:39:54,003 --> 00:39:57,023
And then we roast to another degree.

630
00:40:02,490 --> 00:40:04,320
You have to know what you're roasting,

631
00:40:04,320 --> 00:40:05,550
every variety.

632
00:40:05,550 --> 00:40:09,563
Every coffee has its own roasting profile.

633
00:40:10,780 --> 00:40:15,780
It's not the same to roast (indistinct) grown in 700 meters,

634
00:40:16,690 --> 00:40:21,690
then Borbone at 1,700 meters.

635
00:40:21,790 --> 00:40:24,150
It's just a totally different thing.

636
00:40:24,150 --> 00:40:28,610
So a roaster can either make the coffee better

637
00:40:28,610 --> 00:40:30,923
or it can make the coffee worse.

638
00:40:32,260 --> 00:40:35,813
And every variety behaves difference inside the barrel.

639
00:40:36,970 --> 00:40:40,579
You have to know exactly how much time, the temperature,

640
00:40:40,579 --> 00:40:43,550
how much time after the first crack and all that.

641
00:40:43,550 --> 00:40:46,233
So it's another world.

642
00:40:56,740 --> 00:40:58,430
You have to adjust the profile

643
00:40:58,430 --> 00:41:00,570
as the green coffee comes in,

644
00:41:00,570 --> 00:41:04,590
because every bag of coffee is different.

645
00:41:04,590 --> 00:41:09,590
This is handpicked, hand processed coffees.

646
00:41:09,950 --> 00:41:12,913
So I think it's really important to roast it properly.

647
00:41:14,740 --> 00:41:16,450
Roasting is a science.

648
00:41:16,450 --> 00:41:17,470
It's where the flavor comes from.

649
00:41:17,470 --> 00:41:19,310
It's where you bring out the best of the coffee.

650
00:41:19,310 --> 00:41:22,900
It's where, if you start with good coffee or great coffee,

651
00:41:22,900 --> 00:41:25,543
the way you roast it can enhance it or ruin it.

652
00:41:28,710 --> 00:41:32,750
It's a really skilled artisan process

653
00:41:32,750 --> 00:41:35,963
and it takes a long time to learn to do it right.

654
00:41:39,570 --> 00:41:40,720
To be a good coffee roaster,

655
00:41:40,720 --> 00:41:43,090
I think you need to be very focused.

656
00:41:43,090 --> 00:41:44,390
You need to be able to like,

657
00:41:44,390 --> 00:41:46,510
do the exact same thing each time.

658
00:41:46,510 --> 00:41:49,520
So you only change one parameter at a time

659
00:41:49,520 --> 00:41:52,650
'cause then you can actually test the coffees.

660
00:41:52,650 --> 00:41:55,573
That is one thing, and then be good at tasting coffee,

661
00:41:56,460 --> 00:41:57,710
taste, everything you do.

662
00:42:00,360 --> 00:42:03,900
So what we always do is when we are to learn anything

663
00:42:03,900 --> 00:42:08,010
about a coffee, you do two almost identical roasts.

664
00:42:08,010 --> 00:42:10,410
We make one slight change and then its A B cupping,

665
00:42:10,410 --> 00:42:12,840
so it's like everything we do we taste it,

666
00:42:12,840 --> 00:42:15,623
and from that we learn every single day.

667
00:42:17,480 --> 00:42:18,313
On the cupping table,

668
00:42:18,313 --> 00:42:21,823
it's more about the nuance of the specific roast.

669
00:42:23,330 --> 00:42:25,360
What is it that makes this one better than the other?

670
00:42:25,360 --> 00:42:26,603
What if we do different?

671
00:42:27,770 --> 00:42:31,163
It's just a long process of trial and error.

672
00:42:33,700 --> 00:42:36,490
We have all these different graphs that we can look at.

673
00:42:36,490 --> 00:42:39,260
When we combine that, we taste everything.

674
00:42:39,260 --> 00:42:40,093
All of a sudden,

675
00:42:40,093 --> 00:42:41,930
we have this big puzzle where we can go in

676
00:42:41,930 --> 00:42:44,930
and actually see what creates more sweetness,

677
00:42:44,930 --> 00:42:46,650
what creates more acidity.

678
00:42:46,650 --> 00:42:48,950
So we can use this as a tool

679
00:42:48,950 --> 00:42:51,053
to learn more about roasting coffee.

680
00:42:54,860 --> 00:42:57,170
Every roast degree is a preference.

681
00:42:57,170 --> 00:42:59,460
So if something is dark roast for me,

682
00:42:59,460 --> 00:43:01,473
maybe that's a light roast for others.

683
00:43:03,720 --> 00:43:06,660
So instead of talking about light or dark,

684
00:43:06,660 --> 00:43:09,510
I'd rather just say that we rose to the degree,

685
00:43:09,510 --> 00:43:13,070
we feel is the best to suit the coffee and the brewing

686
00:43:14,295 --> 00:43:17,045
(soothing music)

687
00:44:03,880 --> 00:44:07,233
In general, we roast for filter or espresso.

688
00:44:10,890 --> 00:44:14,700
Filter coffee creates a very clean aromatic experience

689
00:44:14,700 --> 00:44:19,283
where it's like very much focused on terroir of the coffee.

690
00:44:22,890 --> 00:44:25,520
If you brew a French press or an arrow press,

691
00:44:25,520 --> 00:44:27,563
that's actually a different brew method.

692
00:44:28,870 --> 00:44:30,710
The water and the coffee is soaking together.

693
00:44:30,710 --> 00:44:31,660
Whereas in a filter,

694
00:44:31,660 --> 00:44:33,720
the water just passes through the coffee.

695
00:44:33,720 --> 00:44:34,880
So even though you're kind of ended up

696
00:44:34,880 --> 00:44:36,160
with something almost similar,

697
00:44:36,160 --> 00:44:38,210
it's actually two different brew methods.

698
00:44:43,230 --> 00:44:46,610
Then you have espresso where it's more focused on,

699
00:44:46,610 --> 00:44:47,520
on the sweetness.

700
00:44:47,520 --> 00:44:49,210
And it's another sensation where it's like

701
00:44:49,210 --> 00:44:51,920
more intense aroma and it's like a small thing,

702
00:44:51,920 --> 00:44:53,323
but it lingers for longer.

703
00:44:58,860 --> 00:45:01,150
I think there's some essentials when you are to brew

704
00:45:01,150 --> 00:45:02,427
a good cup of coffee.

705
00:45:03,710 --> 00:45:06,260
Water is where we kind of extract the flavors.

706
00:45:06,260 --> 00:45:08,120
So a good water and a good grinder.

707
00:45:08,120 --> 00:45:09,430
That is the most basic thing.

708
00:45:09,430 --> 00:45:10,263
If you have that,

709
00:45:10,263 --> 00:45:13,663
you can brew amazing coffee on any coffee brewer.

710
00:45:22,610 --> 00:45:25,360
(birds chirping)

711
00:45:28,610 --> 00:45:30,188
For a coffee to be sustainable,

712
00:45:30,188 --> 00:45:32,980
it has to be sustainable for everyone.

713
00:45:32,980 --> 00:45:37,180
The roaster, the buyer, the farmer, the farm worker,

714
00:45:37,180 --> 00:45:40,163
for all the people involved in the supply chain.

715
00:45:48,010 --> 00:45:50,600
Coffee workers are very low paid

716
00:45:50,600 --> 00:45:52,920
Here in Panama and we have a very strong economy.

717
00:45:52,920 --> 00:45:56,140
We have the strongest economy in Central America.

718
00:45:56,140 --> 00:45:58,890
We have an agricultural minimum wage

719
00:45:58,890 --> 00:46:02,663
for our coffee worker of $11.30 a day.

720
00:46:05,610 --> 00:46:08,610
We pay our workers substantially more than that.

721
00:46:10,340 --> 00:46:12,910
You can't live on $11.30 a day,

722
00:46:12,910 --> 00:46:15,790
and then can't have any kind of quality of life.

723
00:46:15,790 --> 00:46:17,260
You can't support a family.

724
00:46:17,260 --> 00:46:21,520
You can't have proper nutrition or pay for any of the things

725
00:46:21,520 --> 00:46:25,493
that most of us assume come with quality of life.

726
00:46:27,150 --> 00:46:27,983
To make it worse,

727
00:46:27,983 --> 00:46:30,710
most of the farms are paying their employees

728
00:46:30,710 --> 00:46:32,900
between seven and $8 a day,

729
00:46:32,900 --> 00:46:35,650
they're not even making the minimum wage.

730
00:46:35,650 --> 00:46:37,683
In parts of the rest of the world,

731
00:46:38,650 --> 00:46:40,573
salaries much, much lower.

732
00:46:43,590 --> 00:46:45,880
And my contention in the whole thing here

733
00:46:45,880 --> 00:46:47,940
is that it doesn't need to be this way, okay?

734
00:46:47,940 --> 00:46:49,860
Enormous amounts of money are being made

735
00:46:49,860 --> 00:46:51,640
at the point of consumption.

736
00:46:51,640 --> 00:46:54,460
And very little of that is coming back down to origin.

737
00:46:54,460 --> 00:46:56,340
And I think it's a broken industry,

738
00:46:56,340 --> 00:46:59,293
an industry in need of major, major correction.

739
00:47:03,370 --> 00:47:04,920
When you're a coffee grower,

740
00:47:04,920 --> 00:47:06,670
the two ways to be in business,

741
00:47:06,670 --> 00:47:08,720
whether you can be a quality seller,

742
00:47:08,720 --> 00:47:11,110
which means you're probably going to be exploiting

743
00:47:11,110 --> 00:47:14,420
the coffee or a quantity seller.

744
00:47:14,420 --> 00:47:18,630
Much, much, more profitable to be a quality seller,

745
00:47:18,630 --> 00:47:20,943
but much more difficult also.

746
00:47:22,560 --> 00:47:23,570
When you're a farm owner,

747
00:47:23,570 --> 00:47:25,860
you incur your major expenses

748
00:47:25,860 --> 00:47:27,230
in the months during the harvest.

749
00:47:27,230 --> 00:47:30,730
So December, January, February, maybe even into March,

750
00:47:30,730 --> 00:47:34,980
nearly 60% of the cost of growing coffee is involved

751
00:47:34,980 --> 00:47:37,390
in paying the pickers to pick the cherries.

752
00:47:37,390 --> 00:47:39,770
But then when you send the coffee out for export,

753
00:47:39,770 --> 00:47:42,490
you won't receive your money until maybe November,

754
00:47:42,490 --> 00:47:44,170
or if you're lucky December.

755
00:47:44,170 --> 00:47:47,160
So you're talking about 10 or 12 month period

756
00:47:47,160 --> 00:47:48,813
of cashflow strain.

757
00:47:49,750 --> 00:47:51,110
I'm very, very lucky.

758
00:47:51,110 --> 00:47:52,780
I mean, I know how lucky I am.

759
00:47:52,780 --> 00:47:54,210
I can withstand that.

760
00:47:54,210 --> 00:47:56,240
But most of the people it's very much

761
00:47:56,240 --> 00:47:57,920
of a hand to mouth industry.

762
00:47:57,920 --> 00:47:59,440
You pick the cherries, you sell them

763
00:47:59,440 --> 00:48:01,340
so that you can put food on the table.

764
00:48:12,030 --> 00:48:14,670
Everything is changing from year to year,

765
00:48:14,670 --> 00:48:18,353
the market price have been down to around $1 a pound.

766
00:48:19,690 --> 00:48:22,093
You can't even produce coffee at that cost.

767
00:48:24,830 --> 00:48:28,840
We want to create coffee experiences that excites us,

768
00:48:28,840 --> 00:48:32,363
but also where we get to pay better prices to farmers.

769
00:48:34,840 --> 00:48:36,840
The way we do it, it's always based on the quality.

770
00:48:36,840 --> 00:48:39,510
So we don't wanna do any charity, it's not about that.

771
00:48:39,510 --> 00:48:43,200
It's about buying from people that do amazing work,

772
00:48:43,200 --> 00:48:44,840
and we know if we want the best quality,

773
00:48:44,840 --> 00:48:47,080
we need to invest in the coffee.

774
00:48:47,080 --> 00:48:50,003
So we need to pay a price that's fair for the product.

775
00:48:52,920 --> 00:48:55,650
It's easy to say we pay well, but is that to an importer?

776
00:48:55,650 --> 00:48:57,253
Is it directly to the farm?

777
00:48:59,220 --> 00:49:01,270
I'd rather be talking about the traceability?

778
00:49:01,270 --> 00:49:04,880
How transparent are companies really willing to be?

779
00:49:04,880 --> 00:49:07,163
I think that's the way we were heading.

780
00:49:11,300 --> 00:49:13,790
We do trade as direct as possible.

781
00:49:13,790 --> 00:49:15,010
Sometimes it's with the farm,

782
00:49:15,010 --> 00:49:16,660
sometimes would have corporate.

783
00:49:16,660 --> 00:49:19,920
It's been about making sure we do certain things.

784
00:49:19,920 --> 00:49:23,250
We pay them minimum above the market price.

785
00:49:23,250 --> 00:49:26,000
We visit the producers so we build on the relationship.

786
00:49:30,950 --> 00:49:34,080
We work with people in some pretty poor areas.

787
00:49:34,080 --> 00:49:35,770
So it's all about enhancing

788
00:49:35,770 --> 00:49:37,913
the living conditions first and foremost.

789
00:49:39,410 --> 00:49:41,308
Okay, they're using it for shade?

790
00:49:41,308 --> 00:49:43,960
They're using it of shade.

791
00:49:43,960 --> 00:49:45,620
Food and coffee together grow.

792
00:49:45,620 --> 00:49:46,453
Yes.

793
00:49:47,460 --> 00:49:50,144
That's great, sounds good, yeah.

794
00:49:50,144 --> 00:49:51,894
Inter cropping, yeah.

795
00:49:53,560 --> 00:49:57,040
Better housing, better food, better education.

796
00:49:57,040 --> 00:50:00,570
And then of course, some invest in better equipment.

797
00:50:00,570 --> 00:50:02,180
How can they produce even better quality

798
00:50:02,180 --> 00:50:03,930
so they can get even higher prices?

799
00:50:06,050 --> 00:50:08,723
It's a beautiful thing to be a part of.

800
00:50:08,723 --> 00:50:11,270
It's a bigger washing station compared to (indistinct).

801
00:50:11,270 --> 00:50:12,390
This one?

802
00:50:12,390 --> 00:50:13,446
Yeah.

803
00:50:13,446 --> 00:50:14,279
We work with many different countries now.

804
00:50:14,279 --> 00:50:15,860
In some countries we work in corporates,

805
00:50:15,860 --> 00:50:18,820
some other we work with small private farms

806
00:50:18,820 --> 00:50:21,371
and some, we work with bigger private farms.

807
00:50:21,371 --> 00:50:24,121
(birds chirping)

808
00:50:39,860 --> 00:50:41,713
Akmel has his own farm.

809
00:50:42,720 --> 00:50:45,760
I tried to go twice a year and we've been working many years

810
00:50:45,760 --> 00:50:46,973
to get the quality up.

811
00:50:48,800 --> 00:50:53,800
The big luck we buy, we pay $3.70 per pound direct to Akmel.

812
00:50:54,170 --> 00:50:56,090
For the special things that we work on,

813
00:50:56,090 --> 00:50:58,663
we pay everything from four and a half dollars up to

814
00:50:58,663 --> 00:51:00,013
$7 per pound.

815
00:51:09,110 --> 00:51:11,460
It's fair for me, It's good for them.

816
00:51:13,080 --> 00:51:16,860
Getting this price means you are going to have enough money

817
00:51:16,860 --> 00:51:19,770
to financially support your employee

818
00:51:19,770 --> 00:51:21,743
and then to make better your farm.

819
00:51:24,002 --> 00:51:27,252
(African upbeat music)

820
00:51:34,800 --> 00:51:38,040
When you work, you're not working for yourself only,

821
00:51:38,040 --> 00:51:40,750
you work for the country, you work for your family,

822
00:51:40,750 --> 00:51:42,320
you work for the community.

823
00:51:42,320 --> 00:51:43,850
Really is good.

824
00:51:43,850 --> 00:51:45,500
It makes you happy inside of you.

825
00:51:47,210 --> 00:51:49,250
I support community school.

826
00:51:49,250 --> 00:51:51,710
Sometimes I go to give them a lecture

827
00:51:52,550 --> 00:51:54,930
because education is powerful.

828
00:51:54,930 --> 00:51:59,930
By being educated and you can have lots of opportunities.

829
00:52:00,030 --> 00:52:04,320
So please come to school and then be a good student.

830
00:52:04,320 --> 00:52:07,980
And then I help a school always every year financially.

831
00:52:07,980 --> 00:52:12,220
Build classes and then buy equipment

832
00:52:12,220 --> 00:52:13,330
to support the equipment.

833
00:52:13,330 --> 00:52:16,479
I bought last year, a computer for the school.

834
00:52:16,479 --> 00:52:17,640
It means a lot for them

835
00:52:17,640 --> 00:52:20,620
because kids they never sort of compete with other school.

836
00:52:20,620 --> 00:52:22,490
This is a very remote area.

837
00:52:22,490 --> 00:52:24,020
Thank you very much.

838
00:52:24,020 --> 00:52:25,563
This year, they gave me award.

839
00:52:26,936 --> 00:52:29,417
That award is what I did for the community

840
00:52:29,417 --> 00:52:31,420
for the last few years.

841
00:52:31,420 --> 00:52:34,367
And then they really, very, thankful.

842
00:52:34,367 --> 00:52:37,663
They said, really they appreciate what I did for the school.

843
00:52:37,663 --> 00:52:39,630
And then I said, no problem.

844
00:52:39,630 --> 00:52:42,170
We work together and then whatever I can,

845
00:52:42,170 --> 00:52:43,457
I will help the school.

846
00:52:43,457 --> 00:52:46,207
(soothing music)

847
00:53:11,210 --> 00:53:13,250
Everybody's talking about sustainable this,

848
00:53:13,250 --> 00:53:15,230
sustainable that you even hear politicians

849
00:53:15,230 --> 00:53:19,150
talk about something being sustainable or not sustainable.

850
00:53:19,150 --> 00:53:24,150
But from its initial use from environmentalist

851
00:53:25,510 --> 00:53:29,800
and ecologist at first just has meant one of,

852
00:53:29,800 --> 00:53:32,430
sort of ecological sustainability.

853
00:53:32,430 --> 00:53:36,980
Something that can be in place for an indefinite

854
00:53:36,980 --> 00:53:38,880
amount of time and be sustained

855
00:53:38,880 --> 00:53:40,823
kind of year after year after year.

856
00:53:41,740 --> 00:53:44,260
But I think also the it's more than that,

857
00:53:44,260 --> 00:53:47,950
it has to be socially sustainable, all right?

858
00:53:47,950 --> 00:53:49,840
People have to be involved with it

859
00:53:49,840 --> 00:53:53,510
and have to be able to exist with it

860
00:53:53,510 --> 00:53:55,740
and gained from it year after year,

861
00:53:55,740 --> 00:53:57,690
and it has to be economically, of course,

862
00:53:57,690 --> 00:53:59,370
I think a lot of companies,

863
00:53:59,370 --> 00:54:01,470
when they talk about sustainability,

864
00:54:01,470 --> 00:54:03,990
they're only talking about the economic sustainability

865
00:54:03,990 --> 00:54:06,820
of whatever it is they're addressing,

866
00:54:06,820 --> 00:54:10,060
but I think you have those three where you have

867
00:54:10,060 --> 00:54:14,350
environmental, social, and economic sustainability.

868
00:54:14,350 --> 00:54:16,640
And that then means it can,

869
00:54:16,640 --> 00:54:20,170
you know be in place for a very long time

870
00:54:20,170 --> 00:54:23,773
and continue to exist in whatever form it has.

871
00:54:31,160 --> 00:54:33,310
If we valued the ecosystem services

872
00:54:33,310 --> 00:54:36,047
that were produced on shade coffee farms,

873
00:54:36,047 --> 00:54:38,520
and that's not just saving the birds,

874
00:54:38,520 --> 00:54:40,180
it's protecting the watershed.

875
00:54:40,180 --> 00:54:43,223
It's creating lumber, it's sequestering carbon,

876
00:54:44,110 --> 00:54:45,410
it's saving pollinators.

877
00:54:45,410 --> 00:54:46,810
We need to do all of those things.

878
00:54:46,810 --> 00:54:49,710
None of which is happening in sun coffee,

879
00:54:49,710 --> 00:54:51,940
then it would, the economics would be very obvious.

880
00:54:51,940 --> 00:54:54,427
The trouble is we don't value those things

881
00:54:54,427 --> 00:54:57,710
and we value them, but we're not willing to pay for them.

882
00:54:57,710 --> 00:55:00,535
If there was actually monetary values associated with that,

883
00:55:00,535 --> 00:55:01,830
this would be a no-brainer.

884
00:55:01,830 --> 00:55:04,007
Everybody would be doing shade coffee.

885
00:55:29,720 --> 00:55:32,090
So shade is really important for coffee

886
00:55:32,090 --> 00:55:32,950
for a number of reasons.

887
00:55:32,950 --> 00:55:34,204
So for one reason,

888
00:55:34,204 --> 00:55:37,380
we have a situation of climate change now

889
00:55:37,380 --> 00:55:39,860
that is creating warming conditions

890
00:55:39,860 --> 00:55:42,310
around the world obviously, and also locally.

891
00:55:42,310 --> 00:55:45,770
And so shade is really good to create a micro climate,

892
00:55:45,770 --> 00:55:47,170
so that really helps us.

893
00:55:47,170 --> 00:55:51,120
Shade also really helps to generate nutrient recycling.

894
00:55:51,120 --> 00:55:55,330
So the trees will drop leaves that will mulch into the soil

895
00:55:55,330 --> 00:55:59,880
and provide a certain level of fertilization and nutrients

896
00:55:59,880 --> 00:56:01,680
to the coffee plants themselves.

897
00:56:01,680 --> 00:56:03,580
That's all really good for the coffee.

898
00:56:05,450 --> 00:56:07,800
Coffee doesn't need tons of rain,

899
00:56:07,800 --> 00:56:10,150
but it does need a good level of humidity

900
00:56:10,150 --> 00:56:11,323
that stays in the soil.

901
00:56:12,880 --> 00:56:15,890
The trees defoliate at the end of the harvest season,

902
00:56:15,890 --> 00:56:18,480
just as the dry seasons beginning.

903
00:56:18,480 --> 00:56:19,770
And that's an incredible thing

904
00:56:19,770 --> 00:56:21,860
because basically this blanket of leaves

905
00:56:21,860 --> 00:56:25,823
then covers the soil, when the soil needs it the most.

906
00:56:28,240 --> 00:56:31,893
All around, shade is just a great companion to coffee.

907
00:56:32,880 --> 00:56:36,070
Here at Gaia, we have over 70 species of trees.

908
00:56:36,070 --> 00:56:39,970
It is really a lot like a forest in that sense,

909
00:56:39,970 --> 00:56:41,370
if you walk around this farm,

910
00:56:41,370 --> 00:56:43,240
you're gonna see tons of butterflies.

911
00:56:43,240 --> 00:56:45,313
You're gonna see tons of insects.

912
00:56:46,690 --> 00:56:48,160
We're really proud of the sanctuary

913
00:56:48,160 --> 00:56:50,640
that it provides for birds and all kinds of wildlife.

914
00:56:50,640 --> 00:56:53,340
We have iguana, we have armadillo,

915
00:56:53,340 --> 00:56:55,850
we have rabbits, we have deer.

916
00:56:55,850 --> 00:56:57,860
We have all kinds of wildlife here

917
00:56:57,860 --> 00:57:01,650
and it's just really great to see this haven for wildlife

918
00:57:01,650 --> 00:57:02,483
on a farm.

919
00:57:04,410 --> 00:57:06,660
I love really nature.

920
00:57:06,660 --> 00:57:09,773
And then I love wild animals also.

921
00:57:10,830 --> 00:57:14,940
There's a sign, don't cut the trees and a no shot.

922
00:57:14,940 --> 00:57:15,890
Don't kill animals.

923
00:57:29,660 --> 00:57:31,583
I don't want animals to go away.

924
00:57:32,590 --> 00:57:34,463
I don't want forest to go away.

925
00:57:35,730 --> 00:57:39,320
I want coffee with the forest to be alive together

926
00:57:39,320 --> 00:57:41,630
and then animals to be together there.

927
00:57:41,630 --> 00:57:44,990
So in the middle of my coffee land,

928
00:57:44,990 --> 00:57:49,990
I left about 21 hectares, untouched forest.

929
00:57:50,740 --> 00:57:53,090
It cannot work inside because it's deep forest.

930
00:57:58,130 --> 00:58:01,770
Sometimes when you see animals, they run away.

931
00:58:01,770 --> 00:58:04,700
You know where they run away, in that deep forest.

932
00:58:04,700 --> 00:58:08,193
So which means they have a place where to stay.

933
00:58:11,950 --> 00:58:13,710
Yeah, you cannot follow them.

934
00:58:13,710 --> 00:58:15,347
You cannot get them.

935
00:58:15,347 --> 00:58:18,808
You just hey, I'm at home, goodbye.

936
00:58:18,808 --> 00:58:21,650
(Akmel laughs)

937
00:58:21,650 --> 00:58:23,970
Well, coffee is just for a monkeys

938
00:58:25,900 --> 00:58:27,870
is belonged for nature.

939
00:58:27,870 --> 00:58:30,333
We didn't plant it so it's not ours.

940
00:58:40,460 --> 00:58:43,030
We have a lot of very interesting animals.

941
00:58:43,030 --> 00:58:48,030
They're monkeys and then wild pigs, and hyena,

942
00:58:48,860 --> 00:58:51,460
a lion, and a deer.

943
00:58:51,460 --> 00:58:52,713
A lot of birders.

944
00:58:55,630 --> 00:58:58,680
Well, the birds that make use of coffee farms,

945
00:58:58,680 --> 00:59:00,410
they're not there necessarily for the coffee.

946
00:59:00,410 --> 00:59:02,100
They're there for the shade trees

947
00:59:02,100 --> 00:59:03,650
that are protecting the coffee.

948
00:59:04,780 --> 00:59:07,050
The birds will come to a shade coffee farm,

949
00:59:07,050 --> 00:59:10,990
especially if there is a diversity of shade trees,

950
00:59:10,990 --> 00:59:13,010
they're flowers that are providing nectar

951
00:59:13,010 --> 00:59:14,260
for certain birds.

952
00:59:14,260 --> 00:59:18,540
They're plants that are attracting insects for other birds

953
00:59:18,540 --> 00:59:20,410
that make use of insects.

954
00:59:20,410 --> 00:59:24,720
There places for birds to hang out because they feel safe

955
00:59:24,720 --> 00:59:26,710
because it's dense vegetation.

956
00:59:26,710 --> 00:59:29,750
There, lots of trunks and limbs

957
00:59:29,750 --> 00:59:31,850
that certain birds like to run around on.

958
00:59:31,850 --> 00:59:33,566
And you know, birds do different things

959
00:59:33,566 --> 00:59:35,480
depending on what species they are.

960
00:59:35,480 --> 00:59:37,860
So all of that structural diversity

961
00:59:37,860 --> 00:59:41,390
then provides what ecologists called different niches

962
00:59:41,390 --> 00:59:44,030
for birds to make a living.

963
00:59:44,030 --> 00:59:46,240
And so the more niches you have,

964
00:59:46,240 --> 00:59:48,853
the more bird species you can support.

965
00:59:54,843 --> 00:59:57,593
(birds chirping)

966
01:00:00,030 --> 01:00:03,000
42 out of our 54 species of warblers

967
01:00:03,000 --> 01:00:05,560
in North America come down to coffee farms.

968
01:00:05,560 --> 01:00:10,060
That's by far, most of them are orioles, swallows,

969
01:00:10,060 --> 01:00:14,363
vireos, buntings, what else?

970
01:00:16,160 --> 01:00:19,600
Fly catchers, they're all coming south.

971
01:00:19,600 --> 01:00:21,830
And many, many of those are attempting

972
01:00:21,830 --> 01:00:24,000
to spend the winter in what is now coffee farms.

973
01:00:24,000 --> 01:00:26,140
They're coming to where they always came.

974
01:00:26,140 --> 01:00:28,790
But if it's recently been converted to a coffee farm,

975
01:00:29,630 --> 01:00:30,730
that's what they have.

976
01:00:34,250 --> 01:00:35,850
In the past,

977
01:00:35,850 --> 01:00:39,530
people thought that the shade trees will support wildlife

978
01:00:39,530 --> 01:00:42,460
simply because they're trees and they're providing shade.

979
01:00:42,460 --> 01:00:43,990
Nobody was thinking very much about the food

980
01:00:43,990 --> 01:00:44,913
that they provide.

981
01:00:47,870 --> 01:00:48,770
People don't like insects.

982
01:00:48,770 --> 01:00:52,730
They don't realize though that they're the primary component

983
01:00:52,730 --> 01:00:54,223
of terrestrial food webs.

984
01:00:55,240 --> 01:00:57,010
It's the insect that is eating the plant

985
01:00:57,010 --> 01:01:00,830
and then transferring the energy to birds and reptiles

986
01:01:00,830 --> 01:01:04,360
and mammals and all kinds of other things.

987
01:01:04,360 --> 01:01:05,350
As if we lost our insects,

988
01:01:05,350 --> 01:01:07,340
we would lose most of the biological diversity

989
01:01:07,340 --> 01:01:08,183
on this planet.

990
01:01:09,140 --> 01:01:09,973
But you don't have the insects

991
01:01:09,973 --> 01:01:12,560
if you don't have the right plants that support them.

992
01:01:12,560 --> 01:01:15,390
So the more trees we have in this coffee farms, the better,

993
01:01:15,390 --> 01:01:17,400
but the more productive those trees are,

994
01:01:17,400 --> 01:01:18,650
the better for the birds.

995
01:01:25,498 --> 01:01:27,550
Birds are ecological indicators

996
01:01:27,550 --> 01:01:30,173
that tell us how our ecosystems are doing.

997
01:01:32,970 --> 01:01:35,010
We have 50% fewer songbirds today

998
01:01:35,010 --> 01:01:36,780
than we had just 40 years ago.

999
01:01:36,780 --> 01:01:38,930
So that tells us there's something very wrong

1000
01:01:38,930 --> 01:01:41,180
with the ecosystem supporting these birds.

1001
01:01:41,180 --> 01:01:43,540
And those are the same ecosystem supporting us.

1002
01:01:43,540 --> 01:01:46,140
And we don't wanna wait until those systems collapse

1003
01:01:46,140 --> 01:01:47,380
to try to do something about it.

1004
01:01:47,380 --> 01:01:49,593
We've got to do it proactively.

1005
01:01:56,060 --> 01:02:01,060
Well, there used to be an ad, which said,

1006
01:02:01,350 --> 01:02:04,580
if you wink it a pretty girl in the dark,

1007
01:02:04,580 --> 01:02:06,670
no one knows that you're doing it.

1008
01:02:06,670 --> 01:02:08,203
You need to advertise.

1009
01:02:09,630 --> 01:02:12,860
So I guess it's kind of like that.

1010
01:02:12,860 --> 01:02:16,170
If you are doing all this work,

1011
01:02:16,170 --> 01:02:19,470
you need something which says I am doing it

1012
01:02:19,470 --> 01:02:23,020
and I can tell people that I am doing it.

1013
01:02:23,020 --> 01:02:26,950
And I've been certified now since 2002.

1014
01:02:26,950 --> 01:02:30,050
Everything that we produce is organic.

1015
01:02:30,050 --> 01:02:33,440
And I'm not saying that everybody has to go organic,

1016
01:02:33,440 --> 01:02:35,510
but they need to go sustainable.

1017
01:02:35,510 --> 01:02:39,873
And conventional production is not sustainable.

1018
01:02:42,311 --> 01:02:44,950
I don't think that you can feel

1019
01:02:48,070 --> 01:02:51,410
that you have custody over a piece of land

1020
01:02:51,410 --> 01:02:52,573
that you can abuse.

1021
01:02:53,410 --> 01:02:57,830
And to me, putting in massive pesticides and fertilizers,

1022
01:02:57,830 --> 01:03:01,480
which break down the soil is a form of abuse.

1023
01:03:01,480 --> 01:03:06,480
So I had to find a way of working with the soil,

1024
01:03:06,900 --> 01:03:10,253
with the farm, with the plants that were there.

1025
01:03:11,100 --> 01:03:13,820
And the process was organic.

1026
01:03:13,820 --> 01:03:17,120
What the certification does is to make sure

1027
01:03:17,120 --> 01:03:20,610
that people know that you are doing

1028
01:03:20,610 --> 01:03:21,910
what you say you're doing.

1029
01:03:34,170 --> 01:03:37,890
We need to remember that third parties need

1030
01:03:37,890 --> 01:03:41,630
to exist to ensure the consumer,

1031
01:03:41,630 --> 01:03:45,130
that what the label says they're getting

1032
01:03:45,130 --> 01:03:46,060
is what they're getting.

1033
01:03:46,060 --> 01:03:50,110
So consumers cannot just trust a company

1034
01:03:51,050 --> 01:03:53,786
and their social mission based on what they say

1035
01:03:53,786 --> 01:03:55,780
that they are offering.

1036
01:03:55,780 --> 01:03:57,130
Because companies can offer

1037
01:03:57,130 --> 01:03:59,570
all kinds of marketing approaches,

1038
01:03:59,570 --> 01:04:01,060
but you're just trusting their word.

1039
01:04:01,060 --> 01:04:05,330
And while there are companies with many good intentions,

1040
01:04:05,330 --> 01:04:07,700
it's a third party certification that comes in

1041
01:04:07,700 --> 01:04:10,620
and really looks at a number of criteria and says,

1042
01:04:10,620 --> 01:04:13,020
okay, you're meeting the criteria or you're not.

1043
01:04:16,430 --> 01:04:19,040
Bird friendly coffee refers to coffee

1044
01:04:19,040 --> 01:04:24,040
that is certified as being good for birds.

1045
01:04:24,220 --> 01:04:26,970
Now the first criterion for us is that

1046
01:04:26,970 --> 01:04:29,690
the coffee needs to be certified organic.

1047
01:04:29,690 --> 01:04:33,340
Just because there's way too much scientific literature

1048
01:04:33,340 --> 01:04:36,693
on the impact of agrochemicals on wildlife.

1049
01:04:38,610 --> 01:04:40,730
If a farm is certified organic,

1050
01:04:40,730 --> 01:04:45,480
and then the management of the shade meets some criteria

1051
01:04:45,480 --> 01:04:49,110
we created, then it can be bird friendly.

1052
01:04:49,110 --> 01:04:51,440
Now, the criteria that we created

1053
01:04:51,440 --> 01:04:53,700
came directly out of field research,

1054
01:04:53,700 --> 01:04:57,330
done by colleagues that I have at the Migratory Bird Center,

1055
01:04:57,330 --> 01:05:01,330
where it was determined that the height of the trees

1056
01:05:01,330 --> 01:05:03,090
is an important factor.

1057
01:05:03,090 --> 01:05:06,170
The species diversity of the trees that are providing shade

1058
01:05:06,170 --> 01:05:07,910
is an important factor.

1059
01:05:07,910 --> 01:05:11,840
The overall foliage cover that is being provided

1060
01:05:11,840 --> 01:05:14,220
is an important variable as well.

1061
01:05:14,220 --> 01:05:16,313
And the structure is also important.

1062
01:05:18,700 --> 01:05:19,533
Well, sun dried coffee

1063
01:05:19,533 --> 01:05:20,810
does not have canopy trees.

1064
01:05:20,810 --> 01:05:23,300
It's fully exposed to the sun.

1065
01:05:23,300 --> 01:05:24,390
So if there are no trees,

1066
01:05:24,390 --> 01:05:26,520
there's no place for birds to forage

1067
01:05:26,520 --> 01:05:28,270
and then you're certainly not producing the insects

1068
01:05:28,270 --> 01:05:29,330
they wanna forage on.

1069
01:05:29,330 --> 01:05:32,363
So it's a very harsh environment for birds.

1070
01:05:34,820 --> 01:05:37,210
Coffee is grown in the most biologically diverse regions

1071
01:05:37,210 --> 01:05:38,570
of the world.

1072
01:05:38,570 --> 01:05:40,410
So this is a perfect opportunity.

1073
01:05:40,410 --> 01:05:43,200
It's really a profound conservation opportunity

1074
01:05:43,200 --> 01:05:45,143
to use shade trees properly.

1075
01:05:52,860 --> 01:05:54,855
We have the option of growing the coffee

1076
01:05:54,855 --> 01:05:57,720
and saving it for something else at the same time.

1077
01:05:57,720 --> 01:06:00,420
So we're not talking about giving up the agriculture.

1078
01:06:00,420 --> 01:06:02,079
This is just one of the unique opportunities

1079
01:06:02,079 --> 01:06:04,003
to do both at the same time.

1080
01:06:09,295 --> 01:06:13,460
It was amazing to see how after two years

1081
01:06:13,460 --> 01:06:15,423
for being bird friendly and organic,

1082
01:06:17,360 --> 01:06:21,883
with us seeing so many birds and new life in differ.

1083
01:06:25,600 --> 01:06:27,310
I love birds.

1084
01:06:27,310 --> 01:06:28,143
I love trees.

1085
01:06:28,143 --> 01:06:30,110
I love everything,

1086
01:06:30,110 --> 01:06:34,303
but I thought I have to prove that this is true.

1087
01:06:35,600 --> 01:06:38,000
That's the reason why there is a need

1088
01:06:38,000 --> 01:06:41,680
to have the certifications.

1089
01:06:41,680 --> 01:06:46,680
The certification is needed so the consumer

1090
01:06:46,720 --> 01:06:49,803
knows that I'm not selling something that is not true.

1091
01:06:54,060 --> 01:06:56,440
So what bird friendly coffee is,

1092
01:06:56,440 --> 01:06:59,550
is it's coffee that you know comes from

1093
01:06:59,550 --> 01:07:02,580
a place that's good for migratory birds,

1094
01:07:02,580 --> 01:07:05,740
it's good for local biodiversity.

1095
01:07:05,740 --> 01:07:08,230
It's good for family farmers and their children

1096
01:07:08,230 --> 01:07:11,480
and their workers and it's good for the earth we all share.

1097
01:07:11,480 --> 01:07:13,313
And it's also great tasting coffee.

1098
01:07:15,980 --> 01:07:16,813
Bird friendly,

1099
01:07:16,813 --> 01:07:19,840
I think is the gold standard of environmental coffee.

1100
01:07:19,840 --> 01:07:22,210
It is the gold standard in the sense that

1101
01:07:22,210 --> 01:07:25,363
it is rewarding farmers for doing the right thing.

1102
01:07:27,470 --> 01:07:30,050
There's no use of agrochemicals,

1103
01:07:30,050 --> 01:07:32,220
no pesticides, no herbicides.

1104
01:07:32,220 --> 01:07:35,317
And that has a positive effect on birds

1105
01:07:35,317 --> 01:07:37,590
and it has a positive effect on all the biodiversity

1106
01:07:37,590 --> 01:07:38,990
on the farm and the workers.

1107
01:07:41,310 --> 01:07:44,410
I don't wanna get too rigid

1108
01:07:44,410 --> 01:07:47,300
and to say that the only approach to sustainable production

1109
01:07:47,300 --> 01:07:50,143
is organic and shade grown at the same time,

1110
01:07:51,070 --> 01:07:52,783
I do think it's the gold standard.

1111
01:07:54,457 --> 01:07:57,207
(soothing music)

1112
01:08:28,849 --> 01:08:31,599
(birds chirping)

1113
01:08:44,430 --> 01:08:47,190
We have 132 species of birds that we've observed

1114
01:08:47,190 --> 01:08:48,830
on the farm.

1115
01:08:48,830 --> 01:08:50,540
That's a sign that the ecosystem is healthy

1116
01:08:50,540 --> 01:08:52,320
and that we're doing something right

1117
01:08:52,320 --> 01:08:53,980
to nurture that ecosystem.

1118
01:08:53,980 --> 01:08:55,620
We're not damaging.

1119
01:08:55,620 --> 01:08:58,500
The whole idea is that we can help to enhance

1120
01:08:58,500 --> 01:09:02,113
the health of the ecosystem and make a livelihood.

1121
01:09:08,840 --> 01:09:10,660
We need to plant for the future

1122
01:09:10,660 --> 01:09:12,620
and grow for the future.

1123
01:09:12,620 --> 01:09:15,440
So that's what sustainability is.

1124
01:09:15,440 --> 01:09:18,090
It's looking down that road and saying,

1125
01:09:18,090 --> 01:09:22,150
if I do this, this soil is going to be healthy.

1126
01:09:22,150 --> 01:09:24,140
These trees are going to be healthy.

1127
01:09:24,140 --> 01:09:27,823
We're going to be able to keep producing on this land.

1128
01:09:37,000 --> 01:09:37,930
I think consumers

1129
01:09:37,930 --> 01:09:39,997
should get more involved in the process,

1130
01:09:39,997 --> 01:09:43,410
and the not only consume, consume, consume,

1131
01:09:43,410 --> 01:09:46,430
but understand what they're putting inside their bodies.

1132
01:09:46,430 --> 01:09:47,550
You know what they're buying,

1133
01:09:47,550 --> 01:09:51,410
knowing where their product comes from, how it was produced.

1134
01:09:51,410 --> 01:09:54,283
All the people that are involved in the process.

1135
01:09:56,080 --> 01:09:58,570
I think people should ask that to the store

1136
01:09:58,570 --> 01:10:00,693
or wherever they get the coffee.

1137
01:10:04,469 --> 01:10:07,210
They ask about what's happening on the farm,

1138
01:10:07,210 --> 01:10:09,200
where this coffee is being grown?

1139
01:10:09,200 --> 01:10:10,870
What are the soil conditions?

1140
01:10:10,870 --> 01:10:12,830
What are the shade conditions?

1141
01:10:12,830 --> 01:10:15,143
What are the worker's conditions?

1142
01:10:16,890 --> 01:10:20,620
You can demand a higher quality product with your dollars.

1143
01:10:20,620 --> 01:10:22,945
You're spending a lot of money for it.

1144
01:10:22,945 --> 01:10:24,890
I mean you really are the idea that you can spend $5,

1145
01:10:24,890 --> 01:10:27,800
five Euro for a cup of coffee.

1146
01:10:27,800 --> 01:10:31,580
And the guy who grows is making $5 all day,

1147
01:10:31,580 --> 01:10:33,563
we can do better as an industry.

1148
01:10:40,150 --> 01:10:42,050
There will always be coffee, okay.

1149
01:10:42,050 --> 01:10:43,597
There will always be coffee.

1150
01:10:43,597 --> 01:10:46,190
The question is whether there will always be

1151
01:10:46,190 --> 01:10:47,730
wonderful (indistinct) coffee?

1152
01:10:47,730 --> 01:10:49,180
I think there will be,

1153
01:10:49,180 --> 01:10:50,700
but who's gonna produce it?

1154
01:10:50,700 --> 01:10:51,920
How's it gonna be produced?

1155
01:10:51,920 --> 01:10:53,360
Will it be ethically produced?

1156
01:10:53,360 --> 01:10:54,763
That's the big question.

1157
01:11:02,270 --> 01:11:03,690
There have to be market incentives

1158
01:11:03,690 --> 01:11:06,840
for sustainable production of coffee.

1159
01:11:06,840 --> 01:11:09,170
And until that happens,

1160
01:11:09,170 --> 01:11:12,770
then farmers will be responding to signals

1161
01:11:12,770 --> 01:11:14,623
that will them to make a living.

1162
01:11:15,460 --> 01:11:19,143
And we just have to get those market signals, right?

1163
01:11:26,220 --> 01:11:30,720
I think responsible consumers, educated consumers,

1164
01:11:30,720 --> 01:11:32,870
consumers that really care about the environment

1165
01:11:32,870 --> 01:11:35,380
and know more about things like organic

1166
01:11:35,380 --> 01:11:37,210
and bird friendly coffee,

1167
01:11:37,210 --> 01:11:39,110
can really begin to make a difference.

1168
01:11:42,440 --> 01:11:44,710
If the people buy and drink coffee,

1169
01:11:44,710 --> 01:11:48,060
want coffee to be produced in a sustainable way, it will be.

1170
01:11:48,060 --> 01:11:50,170
If they don't, it won't be.

1171
01:11:50,170 --> 01:11:51,120
That's it.

1172
01:11:51,120 --> 01:11:53,120
I believe in the market system that way.

1173
01:11:54,000 --> 01:11:56,800
So it's up to the end user

1174
01:11:56,800 --> 01:11:58,810
to say, no, we want Fairtrade Coffee,

1175
01:11:58,810 --> 01:12:00,360
No, we want Organic Coffee.

1176
01:12:00,360 --> 01:12:02,260
No, we want Bird Friendly Coffee.

1177
01:12:02,260 --> 01:12:05,330
And if they vote with their pocketbooks,

1178
01:12:05,330 --> 01:12:06,630
there'll be some movement.

1179
01:12:11,600 --> 01:12:14,320
You can do a lot of good just by drinking coffee.

1180
01:12:14,320 --> 01:12:15,577
It's a great way to feel good.

1181
01:12:15,577 --> 01:12:17,440
It's a great way to start the day.

1182
01:12:29,170 --> 01:12:31,210
Buy that shade coffee is one,

1183
01:12:31,210 --> 01:12:33,650
but think about your daily life

1184
01:12:33,650 --> 01:12:37,500
and how, what you do impacts the things around you.

1185
01:12:37,500 --> 01:12:40,313
Very simple changes often can make a huge difference.

1186
01:12:42,580 --> 01:12:44,810
We've had this idea that humans are here

1187
01:12:44,810 --> 01:12:46,440
and nature is someplace else.

1188
01:12:46,440 --> 01:12:47,930
And that worked for a long time

1189
01:12:47,930 --> 01:12:49,500
because there weren't very many humans

1190
01:12:49,500 --> 01:12:51,140
and there was a lot of nature.

1191
01:12:51,140 --> 01:12:54,270
Now there's a lot of humans and very little nature,

1192
01:12:54,270 --> 01:12:56,950
not enough nature to support all those humans.

1193
01:12:56,950 --> 01:13:00,680
So we now have to have nature again in our yards,

1194
01:13:00,680 --> 01:13:03,850
where we farm, in our cities, where we play,

1195
01:13:03,850 --> 01:13:08,380
we have to share all of our spaces with other species.

1196
01:13:08,380 --> 01:13:09,670
And that's fun.

1197
01:13:09,670 --> 01:13:11,633
We're not talking about a sacrifice here.

1198
01:13:29,470 --> 01:13:31,140
To the degree possible,

1199
01:13:31,140 --> 01:13:33,430
more consumers they need to look at the value

1200
01:13:33,430 --> 01:13:35,240
of shade grown coffee.

1201
01:13:35,240 --> 01:13:38,223
Look for it, prioritize it, buy it wherever they can.

1202
01:13:40,290 --> 01:13:42,210
It might cost just a tad bit more,

1203
01:13:42,210 --> 01:13:44,130
but it really is worth it,

1204
01:13:44,130 --> 01:13:47,207
for the farmers, for the landscape, for the planet.

1205
01:13:48,436 --> 01:13:51,186
(soothing music)